Gelidocalamusalbozonatus (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new species from the southeast of Chongqing, China, and analysis of the morphological diversity in the core group of Gelidocalamus.

Gelidocalamusalbozonatus W. G. Zhang, S. R. Yi & Y. L. Li, a new species of Gelidocalamus, collected from Pengshui County of Chongqing City in China, was described and illustrated herein. In this study, key morphological characters were compared between the new species and other eight "gelido-" members of Gelidocalamus. By using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), its leaf epidermal characters were observed in comparison with those of another three Gelidocalamus representatives. Our results show that the new taxon has the typical characteristics of the genus Gelidocalamus, both macromorphologically and micromorphologically. Moreover, it was most similar to G.tessellatus, but differed by a ring of white tomenta below per node, culm sheath base with densely purple verrucous setae and foliage leaf blades mesophyll.

Karyotype and genome size variation in Delphinium subg. Anthriscifolium (Ranunculaceae).

Five taxa of Delphiniumsubg.Anthriscifolium have been karyologically studied through chromosome counting, chromosomal measurement, and karyotype symmetry. Each taxon that we investigated has a basic chromosome number of x = 8, D.anthriscifoliumvar.savatieri, D.anthriscifoliumvar.majus, D.ecalcaratum, and D.callichromum were diploid with 2n = 16, while D.anthriscifoliumvar.anthriscifolium was tetraploid with 2n = 32. Monoploid chromosome sets of the investigated diploid taxa contained 1 metacentric chromosome, 3 submetacentric chromosomes, and 4 subtelocentric chromosomes. Higher interchromosomal asymmetry (CVCL) was present in D.ecalcaratum and D.callichromum than in other taxa. The highest levels of intrachromosomal asymmetry (MCA) and heterogeneity in centromere position (CVCI) were found in D.anthriscifoliumvar.majus. Diploid and tetraploid genome sizes varied by 3.02-3.92 pg and 6.04-6.60 pg, respectively. Karyotype and genome size of D.anthriscifoliumvar.savatieri, D.anthriscifoliumvar.majus, D.callichromum, and D.ecalcaratum were reported for the first time. Finally, based on cytological and morphological data, the classification of Delphiniumanthriscifolium was revised.

Gelidocalamuszixingensis (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Arundinarieae), a new species from southern China revealed by morphological and molecular evidence.

The genus Gelidocalamus T. H. Wen, endemic to southern China, is a small but taxonomically problematic genus of Arundinarieae (Poaceae, Bambusoideae). During field work, a population of Gelidocalamus from Zixing, Hunan, was discovered, appearing to be distinct from our previously identified collection. Comparisons of the population of Zixing were performed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a plastid genome-based phylogeny. Morphologically, it was mostly similar to G.multifolius, but differed by culm leaf erect with densely white pubescence, apical branch sheath much longer than the internodes and foliage leaf larger. Phylogenetically, the new species was well-supported as a sister to the clade of G.multifolius + G.tessellatus, and the above three taxa were clustered in the Shibataea clade (IV) of Arundinarieae. Thus, the new species, formally named as Gelidocalamuszixingensis W.G.Zhang, G.Y.Yang & C.K.Wang, was described and illustrated herein.

The complete chloroplast genome of Phyllostachys edulis f. curviculmis (Bambusoideae): a newly ornamental bamboo endemic to China.

Phyllostachys edulis (Bambusoideae) is a temperate woody bamboo with a long history of cultivation in China. Phyllostachys edulis f. curviculmis is the latest new forma that repored in 2018. Here, we performed the complete chloroplast genomes of P. edulis and P. edulis f. curviculmis using genome skimming. The length of two chloroplast genomes was 139,678 bp, and their GC contents were 38.9%. The sequences of each species contained 132 unique genes, including 39 tRNA, eight rRNA, and 85 protein-coding genes. Moreover, in subspecies-level, P. edulis 'Pachyloen' and P. edulis f. curviculmis are identical to P. edulis in the terms of chloroplast genome size, structure, and composition, further indicating their affinity.

Complete chloroplast genome of a rare deciduous tree species, Sinomanglietia glauca (Magnoliaceae).

The complete chloroplast genome of a rare deciduous tree species with ornamental value, Sinomanglietia glauca, was first determined. It was 160,170 bp in length, including a pair of inverted repeat (IR, 26,567 bp) regions separated by a small single copy (SSC, 18,842 bp) sequence and a large single copy (LSC, 88,194 bp) sequence. The chloroplast genome contained 132 genes, consisting of 87 CDS, 8 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. Thirty-four SSR sites were detected in the chloroplast genome. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that all sampled Manglietia species were clustered together, and S. glauca was placed as sister to the clade Manglietia, indicated that the genus Sinomanglietia may be legitimate and should be recovered.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Gelidocalamus xunwuensis (Bambusoideae: Arundinarieae): a shrubby bamboo endemic to China.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Gelidocalamus xunwuensis, firstly determined here, is 139,705 bp in length, inclusive of a pair of inverted repeat (IR, 21,817 bp) regions separated by a small single copy (SSC, 12,803 bp) and a large single copy (LSC, 83,268 bp). It contains 132 genes, such as 85 CDS, 8 rRNA genes, and 39 tRNA genes, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis shows that G. xunwuensis is highly clustered in the shibataea clade (III) of Arundinarieae, sister to the clade of G. tessellatus + Ferrocalamus rimosivaginus.

Gelidocalamus xunwuensis (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new species from southeastern Jiangxi, China.

Gelidocalamus xunwuensis W.G.Zhang & G.Y.Yang, a new species collected from Xunwu County of Jiangxi Province in China, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to G. stellatus in the habit, but differs by internodes sparsely hairy with granuliferous warts, culm sheath stiffly hairy, culm sheath blade broadly lanceolate to narrowly triangular, each node with a ring of appressed trichomes below, foliage leaves broadly lanceolate to narrowly oblong, and new shoots occurring in late October.